Comments: Some languages have irregularly preserved the affricate *c- (Kar., Botl., Bagv.; cf. also And. Kvankh., Zil. ce-b). This should be probably explained by Avar influence.
Derived from the same root is the PA adverb *ca-ru / *ca-nu (~-o-) 'together' (Kar. sa-ru, God. sa-nu, Cham. sa-n).
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. cibur 'winter'. Initial s- in And. is quite irregular; otherwise correspondences are normal. Note also Akhv. c:ōro 'autumn' (its relation to c:ibero 'winter' is not quite clear: perhaps old interdialectal loans, which gave rise to an etymological doublet?).
Comments: The relation of av. c:ur- 'to swell' to Andian forms meaning 'smoke' (suggested in Гудава 1964, 100) is somewhat dubious. Cham. s:- is irregular (c:- would be expected) - a loanword?
Comments: And. c:inaʔal is most probably borrowed from some Avar dialect. The root is attested only in a compound with *q̇a- '(first) cousin' (see *=oc:i-q̇a-). Tind. and Cham. have rather strange reflexes: Cham. s:eb-ā-, Gig. ceb-a-, Tind. s:eb-a-. While -b- may reflect a class marker (*c:VnV-b- + *q̇a-), the development *c:- > s:- in Cham. (U.-Gakv.) and Tind. is quite irregular. Av. > Tsez., Gin. cinaʕal, Bezht. conaʕal, Gunz. cunaʕal. Old Tindi > Inkh. sebaha-w.
Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. ca-bí). The vowel -i- in Akhv. is irregular. We should also note the anomalous form Cham. Gig. suj (pl. su-bi) which could suggest a PA form *colHV with an archaic cluster.
Comments: The original form - whatever it was - was distorted in Avar under the influence of folk etymology (the word cará-hoj means literally "fox-dog").
